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jaeger-trace-tests

Author integration tests that query Jaeger for cross-service trace verification - Jaeger all-in-one Docker for CI (OTLP gRPC :4317 + HTTP :4318 ingest, query API on :16686), `/api/traces?service=X&operation=Y` query patterns, span set + parent-child + duration assertions. Pairs with `opentelemetry-trace-assertions` for in-process unit-level tests.

jaeger-trace-tests

Jaeger ingests traces over OTLP and exposes a query API for verification. Per the Jaeger getting-started docs, the all-in-one image "combines collector and query components in a single process and uses a transient in-memory storage for trace data" - perfect for CI.

When to use

  • E2E or integration test exercises multiple services and you need to verify the full distributed trace shape (not just per-process spans).
  • Production observability stack uses Jaeger; tests should reflect the same query API your alerts/SLOs depend on.
  • Smoke test after instrumentation changes - confirm spans actually reach Jaeger (not just the SDK exporter).

Step 1 - Run Jaeger all-in-one in CI

Per the Jaeger getting-started docs:

docker run --rm --name jaeger \
  -p 16686:16686 \
  -p 4317:4317 \
  -p 4318:4318 \
  -p 5778:5778 \
  -p 9411:9411 \
  cr.jaegertracing.io/jaegertracing/jaeger:2.17.0
PortPurpose
16686Jaeger UI + query HTTP API
4317OTLP/gRPC ingest
4318OTLP/HTTP ingest
5778Sampling config
9411Zipkin compatibility (B3 ingest)

GitHub Actions service:

services:
  jaeger:
    image: cr.jaegertracing.io/jaegertracing/jaeger:2.17.0
    ports:
      - 16686:16686
      - 4317:4317
      - 4318:4318

Step 2 - Configure SDK to ship to Jaeger

from opentelemetry import trace
from opentelemetry.sdk.trace import TracerProvider
from opentelemetry.sdk.trace.export import BatchSpanProcessor
from opentelemetry.exporter.otlp.proto.grpc.trace_exporter import OTLPSpanExporter

provider = TracerProvider()
provider.add_span_processor(
    BatchSpanProcessor(OTLPSpanExporter(endpoint="http://localhost:4317", insecure=True))
)
trace.set_tracer_provider(provider)

For tests use BatchSpanProcessor + manual flush - Step 4 covers flushing before query.

Step 3 - Query API patterns

Jaeger query API endpoints:

EndpointReturns
GET /api/servicesList of service names
GET /api/services/{service}/operationsOperations for a service
GET /api/traces?service=X&operation=Y&lookback=5m&limit=10Trace JSON
GET /api/traces/{traceId}Single trace by ID

Trace JSON response shape (selected fields):

{
  "data": [{
    "traceID": "abc...",
    "spans": [
      {
        "spanID": "def...",
        "operationName": "order.create",
        "duration": 12345,
        "tags": [{"key": "order.item_count", "type": "int64", "value": 1}],
        "references": [{"refType": "CHILD_OF", "spanID": "parent..."}]
      }
    ]
  }]
}

Step 4 - Force span flush before query

def test_order_trace_visible_in_jaeger():
    with use_tracer():
        create_order(items=[item])

    # Ensure all spans are flushed to Jaeger before query
    trace.get_tracer_provider().force_flush(timeout_millis=5000)

    # Allow Jaeger ingest pipeline a moment
    time.sleep(0.5)

    resp = requests.get(
        "http://localhost:16686/api/traces",
        params={"service": "orders", "operation": "order.create", "lookback": "1m", "limit": 1},
    )
    traces = resp.json()["data"]
    assert len(traces) == 1
    span = next(s for s in traces[0]["spans"] if s["operationName"] == "order.create")
    tag = next(t for t in span["tags"] if t["key"] == "order.item_count")
    assert tag["value"] == 1

Step 5 - Parent-child via references

Jaeger encodes parent links as references with refType: "CHILD_OF".

def parent_id(span):
    refs = span.get("references", [])
    child_of = [r for r in refs if r["refType"] == "CHILD_OF"]
    return child_of[0]["spanID"] if child_of else None

assert parent_id(db_span) == order_span["spanID"]

Step 6 - Per-test trace isolation

CI runs many tests against shared Jaeger. Use unique service.name per test or unique trace tag to scope queries:

service_name = f"orders-test-{uuid4()}"
# ... configure SDK with this service name ...
# ... query Jaeger filtered by this service ...

In-memory storage is bounded by Jaeger's eviction; long test runs should restart the container or accept eviction.

Step 7 - Cleanup + retention

All-in-one uses transient memory storage per the Jaeger getting-started docs. For longer test runs, mount a config:

docker run ... \
  -v /path/to/config.yaml:/jaeger/config.yaml \
  cr.jaegertracing.io/jaegertracing/jaeger:2.17.0 \
  --config /jaeger/config.yaml

Or restart the container between test workflows.

Anti-patterns

Anti-patternWhy it failsFix
Query Jaeger immediately after exerciseSpans may not have shipped yetforce_flush() + brief sleep (Step 4)
Use prod Jaeger from CITest traces pollute prod dataAlways Docker all-in-one (Step 1)
Hard-code service name across testsCross-test contamination on shared CIUnique service.name per test (Step 6)
Assume long retentionAll-in-one is in-memory; old traces evictedRestart container or shorten test runs
Skip flushing pipelineBatchSpanProcessor defers ship; queries miss spansAlways flush before query (Step 4)

Limitations

  • Jaeger v2 changed deployment + binary names from v1; verify current image tag at the Jaeger getting-started docs.
  • Storage backends (Cassandra, Elasticsearch, OpenSearch, Badger) matter for production but Docker all-in-one is sufficient for CI.
  • Jaeger UI is for humans; only query HTTP API in tests (no scraping HTML).

References