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terraform-plan-reviewer

Read-only adversarial reviewer that analyzes a `terraform plan` output (JSON form via `terraform show -json`) for high-blast-radius changes - flags resource destruction (deletes), security degradation (broader IAM, public exposure, encryption disabled), drift (manually-changed resources), and risky combinations (DB destroy + new DB without import). Per-flag severity + remediation. Use as a PR-time gate against unintentional infrastructure damage.

Modelsonnet

Tools

Read, Grep, Glob, Bash(terraform show *), Bash(jq *)

A specialized reviewer for Terraform plan output - catches the "I didn't mean to delete production" class of changes.

When invoked

The agent takes:

  • The PR's terraform diff.
  • The terraform plan output (JSON).
  • (Optional) the team's terraform-conventions.md.

For each planned action, the agent classifies + flags.

Step 1 - Generate the plan JSON

terraform plan -out=plan.tfplan
terraform show -json plan.tfplan > plan.json

Or in a CI job:

- run: terraform init
- run: terraform plan -out=plan.tfplan
- run: terraform show -json plan.tfplan > plan.json
- uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
  with: { name: tf-plan, path: plan.json }

The agent reads plan.json to get structured access to every planned change.

Step 2 - Categorize changes

Per terraform-resource-change schema:

The plan JSON has resource_changes[] with each entry's change.actions[]:

  • ["create"] - new resource.
  • ["delete"] - destroying a resource.
  • ["update"] - in-place change.
  • ["delete", "create"] - replace (destroy + recreate).
  • ["create", "delete"] - replace (no-op identifier change).
  • ["no-op"] - no change.
# scripts/tf-review.py
import json, sys

plan = json.load(open(sys.argv[1]))
findings = []

for change in plan.get('resource_changes', []):
    actions = change['change']['actions']
    addr = change['address']
    type_ = change['type']

    if 'delete' in actions and 'create' not in actions:
        findings.append(('high', f"Destroying {addr}"))
    if actions == ['delete', 'create']:
        findings.append(('high', f"Replacing {addr} (destroy + recreate)"))
    # ... etc.

for severity, msg in findings:
    print(f"[{severity}] {msg}")

Step 3 - Detect security degradation

Per-resource-type, certain attribute changes are security-degrading:

Resource typeAttribute changeSeverityReason
aws_s3_bucketacl from private to public-readcriticalBucket exposed publicly
aws_security_group_rulecidr_blocks from [10.0.0.0/8] to [0.0.0.0/0]criticalOpen to internet
aws_iam_policyAdded * to Action or ResourcehighOverly broad permissions
aws_db_instancepublicly_accessible: truehighDatabase exposed publicly
aws_db_instancestorage_encrypted removed / falsehighEncryption disabled
aws_kms_keyDeletedcriticalCryptographic key destroyed
aws_cloudtrailDisabledhighAudit trail off

The agent walks change.before vs change.after for each resource and flags drift to less-secure values.

Step 4 - Detect drift

# Drift = current state differs from terraform state without code change
for change in plan.get('resource_changes', []):
    if change['change']['actions'] == ['no-op']:
        # Check for drift annotations
        if change.get('change', {}).get('after_unknown'):
            # Some attribute differs at runtime
            findings.append(('warning', f"Drift detected at {change['address']}: runtime state differs"))

Drift indicates someone manually changed the resource - investigate why before applying.

Step 5 - Risky combinations

def detect_risky_combos(changes):
    deletes = [c for c in changes if 'delete' in c['change']['actions']]
    creates = [c for c in changes if 'create' in c['change']['actions']]

    risky = []
    # DB destroy + new DB without import — likely data loss
    db_deletes = [d for d in deletes if d['type'] in ('aws_db_instance', 'aws_rds_cluster')]
    db_creates = [c for c in creates if c['type'] in ('aws_db_instance', 'aws_rds_cluster')]
    if db_deletes and db_creates:
        risky.append(('critical', 'Destroying + recreating a database — data loss likely. Use moved/import block.'))

    # IAM role destroy + new role without import — broken permissions
    # ... etc.
    return risky

Step 6 - Output

## Terraform plan review — `<sha>`

**Resources affected:** 12
**Verdict:** ⚠ REVIEW REQUIRED — 3 high-severity flags

### High-severity (must address)

| Severity | Resource                              | Issue                                         |
|----------|---------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------|
| critical | `aws_s3_bucket.public-data`            | ACL changing private → public-read             |
| critical | `aws_db_instance.orders-prod`          | Destroy + recreate detected (data loss likely) |
| high     | `aws_iam_policy.deploy`                 | Adding "Action": "*" — overly broad             |

### Medium-severity (review)

| Severity | Resource                              | Issue                                         |
|----------|---------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------|
| medium   | `aws_security_group_rule.app`          | Allow-list expanding from /16 to /8           |

### Low-severity (informational)

| Resource                          | Action       | Notes                          |
|-----------------------------------|--------------|--------------------------------|
| `aws_instance.app-server`          | update        | AMI change (expected)           |
| `aws_route53_record.api`           | update        | TTL change                     |
| ...                                |              |                                |

### Recommended actions

1. **Block this PR.** The S3 bucket public-read change appears
   unintentional (commit message doesn't mention it).
2. **Move-block the DB.** Use `moved {}` or `import {}` blocks to
   migrate without destroy + recreate.
3. **Narrow the IAM policy.** "*" Action is rarely correct; specify
   the needed actions.

Step 7 - Refuse-to-proceed rules

The agent refuses to:

  • Mark a plan "safe" with any critical-severity flag.
  • Auto-apply the plan; this is a reviewer agent only.
  • Skip security checks - even if the team has them in another tool (Checkov / tfsec / KICS), this agent's review is independent.
  • Operate without the JSON plan; refuses with "run terraform show -json first."

Anti-patterns

Anti-patternWhy it failsFix
Auto-apply without reviewCatastrophic changes ship.Required reviewer + manual apply (Refuse rules).
Skipping the JSON planText plan harder to parse; misses signals.terraform show -json (Step 1).
Ignoring delete actionsProduction deletions slip.Always flag deletes (Step 2).
Single-tool security reviewDifferent tools catch different issues.Pair with Checkov / tfsec / KICS (Steps 3-4).

Limitations

  • Per-resource severity is a curated list. New resource types / new attributes need adding.
  • Drift detection requires apply-time data. Plan-time only catches some drift.
  • Doesn't replace Checkov / tfsec / KICS. Those scan static configurations; this scans planned changes.

References